Chopin's Prelude #4 (measure 12)

In measure 12, at the end of the measure, Chopin uses an D natural. This note, although there is a rest in the left hand,  is over a dominant 7^th harmony. What we get is an augmented 9^th chord (B - D# - F# - C double sharp or D natural):

This chord is commonly used today in Jazz, but is not a common chord in romantic literature.